Air pollution has been a growing concern in our increasingly industrialized world. Beyond its well-known detrimental effects on the environment and respiratory health, recent research highlights a previously underestimated consequence: traffic-related air pollution’s impact on pregnancy and maternal health.

What was the study?

According to a study conducted by UT Southwestern Medical Center and published in October 2023, exposure to traffic-related air pollution during pregnancy can be associated with several serious neonatal complications.

In order to conduct their study, researchers aligned the records of over 62,000 births with data from local traffic air pollution monitors.

Average nitrogen dioxide (one of the primary components of car and HGV exhaust fumes) concentrations were collected from air monitors across the Dallas area and compared with pregnancy outcomes for women living within 10 miles of these various air monitors.

The level of exposure to nitrogen dioxide was therefore calculated per individual in order to assess the impact of traffic-pollution on birth outcome.

What were the results?

The study found that pregnant women living in urban areas and simultaneously exposed to high levels of nitrogen dioxide had increased rates of premature birth, including those born before 28 weeks, when compared to those who did not experience high levels of nitrogen dioxide.

Additionally, there were also increases in NICU (neonatal intensive care unit) admissions, low birthweights and respiratory issues, alongside other complications for those experiencing higher exposure.

The results of this research suggests that traffic-related air pollution presents a serious threat to  the health of both pregnant women and their children pre- and post-delivery. While the relationship between air pollution and respiratory conditions in particular has already been well-established and researched, this most recent study sheds light on the impact of traffic-related pollution to the respiratory health of both unborn babies and their pregnant mothers.

Relationship between traffic-pollution and pregnancy complications not causal

However, it was noted by one researcher that although the results presented an association between high levels of traffic pollution and premature birth rates, the study didn’t find a causal relationship between the two. It was highlighted that those living in urban, traffic-heavy environments may experience other factors such as jobs or responsibilities that mean they are already at a higher risk of complications given their other social ‘obstacles’.

Further research needed

The adverse effects of air pollution on pregnancy have far-reaching implications, underscoring the necessity of urgent action to improve air quality, especially in urban areas where pollution levels are often higher, and to conduct further research into the impact of pollution on pregnancy. The study reinforces the critical need for public health initiatives aimed at reducing air pollution and protecting pregnant women and their unborn children.

Disclaimer:
The information provided in this article is based on recent research and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. It is essential to consult with a qualified healthcare provider for personalized guidance and care during pregnancy.

Source: UT Southwestern Medical Center, October 2023